Volcano warning schemes

Three parallel Volcano warning schemes are used by the United States Geological Survey for different volcano ranges in the United States. They each have a base level for dormant-quiescent states and three grades of alert.


Color-Code Conditions, Long Valley Caldera and Mono-Inyo Craters Region, California

Developed in 1997 to replace a previous 5-level system devised in 1991.


Code Narrative Levels
GreenNo immediate riskLevels from Quiescent to Strong Unrest
YellowWatchIntense Unrest
OrangeWarningAccelerating intense unrest: eruption likely within hours to days
RedEruption in progressLevels 1 (Minor eruption) - 4 (Massive explosive eruption)


Level of Concern Color Codes for volcanoes in Alaska

Established during the 1989-90 eruption of Redoubt Volcano.


Code Narrative
GreenVolcano is in its normal "dormant" state
YellowVolcano is restless. Seismic activity is elevated. Potential for eruptive activity is increased.
OrangeSmall ash eruption expected or confirmed. Plume(s) not likely to rise above 25,000 feet above sea level.
RedLarge ash eruptions expected or confirmed. Plume likely to rise above 25,000 feet above sea level.


Warning system for Cascade Range volcanoes in Washington and Oregon

Introduced following the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens.


Code Narrative Levels
No Alert"Information Statements" may be issued about unusual but non-threatening events
Alert Level ONENotice of Volcanic UnrestSignificant anomalous conditions are recognized that could be indicative of an eventual hazardous volcanic event.
Alert Level TWOVolcano AdvisoryMonitoring and evaluation indicate that processes are underway that have significant likelihood of culminating in hazardous volcanic activity but when the evidence does not indicate that a life- or property-threatening event is imminent.
Alert Level THREEVolcano AlertMonitoring and evaluation indicate that precursory events have escalated to the point where a volcanic event with attendant volcanologic or hydrologic hazards threatening to life and property appears imminent or is underway.


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