Promotionja:宣伝 Promotion is one of the four aspects of marketing. The other three parts of the marketing mix are product management, pricing, and distribution. Promotion involves disseminating information about a product, product line, brand, or company. It is comprised of four subcategories: The specification of these four variables creates a promotional mix or promotional plan. A promotional mix specifies how much attention to pay to each of the four subcategories, and how much money to budget for each. A promotional plan can have a wide range of objectives, including: sales increases, new product acceptance, creation of brand equity, positioning, competitive retaliations, or creation of a corporate image.
Promotion is the advancement of rank or position in an organizational hierarchy system. The opposite is demotion. In Sports leagues of most countries outside the USA, promotion means the mandated transfer of the best team(s) of a lower league into a higher league at the end of the season. An equal number of worst team(s) from the higher league endures the opposite procedure, relegation. Compared to the American method, this has the effect of regularly rearranging the leagues according to the teams' playing strength, and also prevents the games of the not-so-good teams of each league from becoming boring towards the end of the season. In Chess, promotion is another name for Queening when the pawn reaches the eighth square. As well as being a queen, a pawn may become a knight, bishop or rook. In practice, promoting to a bishop or rook usually makes no sense since the queen can do everything that either of them can, and the player gives away more information about his planned strategy to the opponent by not choosing a queen. Promotions to knight can be quite useful depending on the situation. See also underpromotion. |
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