Nikolai Kardashev

Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev (Никола́й Семёнович Кардашёв) (April 25, 1932- ) is a Russian astrophysicist, and is the deputy director of the Space Research Institute of the Academy of Sciences in Moscow.

Kardashev graduated from Moscow University in 1955, following up at Sternberg Astronomical Institute. He studied under Shklovskii and finished his PhD in 1962.

In 1963 Kardashev examined quasar CTA-102, the first Soviet effort in the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI). In this work he came up with the idea that some galactic civilizations would be perhaps millions or billions of years ahead of us, and created the Kardashev classification scheme to rank such civilizations. Serious Russian efforts in SETI predate similar programs in the US by some years. Other notable experts in the USSR were Vsevolod Troitskii and Iosif Samuilovich Shklovskii (Kardashev's former professor).

Kardashev became a Corresponding Member of the Division of General Physics and Astronomy on December 12, 1976, and has been Academician of the Division of General Physics and Astronomy since March 21, 1994.

sv:Nikolaj Kardasjev

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