Jin Dynasty -

zh-cn:晋朝zh-tw:晉朝ja:西晋de:Jin-Dynastie

The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin jìn, 265-420) followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. The dynasty was founded by the Sima family, 司馬 pinyin Sīmǎ.

The first of the two periods, the Western Jin Dynasty (ch. 西晉, 265-316), was founded by Emperor Wu. Although providing a brief period of unity after conquering the Kingdom of Wu in AD 280, the Jin could not contain the invasion and uprising of nomadic peoples after the devastating War of the Eight Princes. The capital was Luoyang until 311 when Emperor Huai was captured by the forces of Han Zhao. Successive reign of Emperor Min lasted four years in Chang'an until its conquest by Former Zhao in 316.

Meanwhile remnants of the Jin court fled from the north to the south and reestablished the Jin court at Jiankang, whch was located south-eastward of Luoyang and Chang'an and near modern-day Nanjing, under Prince of Longya. Prominent local families of Zhu, Gan, Lu, Gu and Zhou supported the proclamation of Prince of Longya as Emperor Yuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (ch. 东晉 317-420) when the news of the fall of Chang'an reached the south.

Militaristic authorities and crises plagued the Eastern Jin court throughout its 104 years of existence. It survived the rebellions of Wang Dun and Su Jun. Huan Wen died in 373 before proclaiming himself emperor. Battle of Fei turned out to be a victory of Jin under a short-lived cooperation of Huan Chong, brother of Huan Wen and the Prime Minister (or Imperial Secretariat) Xie An. Huan Xuan, son of Huan Wen, usurped and changed the name of the dynasty to Chu. He was toppled by Liu Yu, who ordered the hanging of the reinstated but retarded Emperor An. The last emperor and brother of Emperor An, Emperor Gong, was installed in 419. Abdication of Emperor Gong in 420 in favor of Liu Yu, then Emperor Wu, urshered in the Song Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties.

Meanwhile North China was ruled by the Sixteen Kingdoms, many of which were founded by the Wu Hu, the non-Han Chinese ethnicities. The conquest of the Northern Liang by the Northern Wei Dynasty in 439 ushered in the Northern Dynasties.

Figure

• Sima's family tree of the Western Jin dynasty

Sovereigns of Jin Dynasty

   Xianning 275-280

   Taikang 280-289

   Taixi January 28,290-May 17,290
    

   Yongping February 16-April 23,291

   Yuankang April 24,291-February 6,300

   Yongkang February 7,300-February 3,301

   Yongning June 1,301-January 4303

   Taian January 5,303-February 21, 304

   Yongan February 22-August 15,304; December 25,304-February 3,305

   Jianwu August 16-December 24,304

   Yongxing February 4,305-July 12,306

   Guangxi July 13,306-February 19,307

   Daxing 318-322

   Yongchang 322-323

   Xiankang 335-342

   Shengping 357-361

   Xingning 363-365

   Taiyuan 376-396

   Yuanxing 402-405

   Yixi 405-419

Major events

• War of the Eight Princes
• Wu Hu ravaging
• Battle of Fei

Related Articles

• Sixteen Kingdoms
• Chinese sovereign
• Northern Headquarters Troops
• Song Dynasty
• Southern Dynasties
• Northern Wei Dynasty
• Northern Dynasties

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