Carcinoma

In medicine, carcinoma is any malignant cancer that arises from epithelial cells, as opposed to a sarcoma which arises from connective tissue.

Types of carcinoma

• Adenocarcinoma is cancer that starts in cells of glandular (secretory) tissue that lines some internal organs.
• Basal cell carcinoma is cancer of the basal cells of the epidermis. It burrows into the skin, but does not metastasize to other parts of the body.
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• Cholangiocarcinoma is cancer of the bile duct. It is usually associated with environmental exposures such as polyvinyl chloride or Thorotrast (thorium dioxide).
• Hepatocellular carcinoma is cancer of the liver. It is often associated with alcohol abuse or hepatitis.
• Adrenocortical carcinoma
• Oat cell carcinoma is also known as small cell carcinoma. It is a form of bronchogenic carcinoma (cancer of the bronchi of the lung).
• Squamous cell carcinoma describes the various cancers of squamous cells, thin, flat cells found in many parts of the body. There is squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, the esophagus, the skin, etc.
• Renal cell carcinoma is a form of kidney cancer.

Most carcinomas stain positive for cytokeratin.

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