Events
- January 2 - Brigham Young, is arrested for bigamy (25 wives).
- February 20 - In New York City the Metropolitan Museum of Art opens.
- March 1 - Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park
- March 5 - George Westinghouse patents the air brake.
- March 5 - The case of Tichborne Claimant decided against the claimant Arthur Orton
- March 26 - Earthquake at Lone Pine, California with an estimated magnitude of 7.2 .
- May 10 - Victoria Woodhull becomes the first woman nominated for President of the United States.
- May 22 - Reconstruction: President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Amnesty Act of 1872 into law restoring full civil rights to all but about 500 Confederate sympathizers.
- June 14 - Trade unions legalised in Canada.[1] (http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=ArchivedFeatures&Params=A218)
- November - Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horace Greeley in the U.S. presidential election
- November 5 - Women's suffrage: In defiance of the law, suffragist Susan B. Anthony votes for the first time (on November 18 she was served an arrest warrant and in the subsequent trial she was fined $100 - she never paid the fine).
- November 7 – Mary Celeste sets sail from New York, bound for Genoa
- November 9 - Great Boston Fire of 1872: In Boston, Massachusetts, a large fire begins to burn on Lincoln Street (the two day event destroyed about 65 acres (0.3 km²) of city, 776 buildings, much of the financial district and caused US$60 million in damage).
- November 26 - The San Francisco Evening Bulletin exposes one of the most notorious mining scandals in US history, The Great Diamond Hoax.
- November 27 - Meteor rain display over France
- November 29 - Indian Wars: The Modoc War begins with the Battle of Lost River.
- November 30 - First ever international football match takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Scotland.
- December 4 - The crewless American ship Mary Celeste is found by the British brig Dei Gratia (the ship was abandoned for 9 days but was only slightly damaged).
- December 21 - HMS Challenger sails from Portsmouth on the 4 year scientific expedition that would lay the foundation for the science of oceanography
Births
- January 6 - Alexander Scriabin, composer (d. 1915)
- January 23 - Goce Delchev, Bulgarian revolutionary (d. 1903)
- January 31 - Zane Grey, writer (d. 1939)
- March 7 - Piet Mondrian, painter (d. 1944)
- April 29 – Harry Payne Whitney, businessman, horse breeder (+ 1930)
- May 18 - Bertrand Russell, philosopher and logician
- May 31 - Heath Robinson, British cartoonist and illustrator.
- July 1 - Louis Blériot, French aviation pioneer
- July 4 - Calvin Coolidge, American president
- August 3 - King Haakon VII of Norway
- August 10 - Bill Johnson, jazz musician (d. 1972)
- August 15 - Shri Aurobindo
- August 21 - Aubrey Beardsley, British artist
- October 11 - Harlan F. Stone, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946)
- November 30 - John McCrae, Canadian soldier and poet (d. 1918)
Deaths
- January 7 - James Fisk, entrepreneur
- April 1 - Frederick Maurice, English theologian
- April 2 - Samuel Morse, inventor of the Morse code
- June 4 - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Dutch politician
- November 28 - Mary Fairfax Somerville, UK mathematician
- December 15 - Mary Anne Evans, wife of Benjamin Disraeli (b. 1792)
- December 23 - Théophile Gautier, poet, novelist
- Germany, Death of Ludwig Feuerbach, German Philosophy
- Benito Juárez
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